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What is Neuritis? Types, Causes and Symptoms

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Neuritis, also known as peripheral neuropathy, refers to the inflammation or dysfunction of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. This condition can affect various nerves in the body, leading to a range of symptoms. Understanding neuritis, its types, causes, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Types of Neuritis

Types of Neuritis

  • Peripheral Neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for damage to the peripheral nerves. It can be caused by various factors, including diabetes, infections, autoimmune diseases, and exposure to toxins.
  • Optic Neuritis: Optic neuritis involves inflammation of the optic nerve, which can cause vision problems, pain, and temporary blindness. It is often associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis.
  • Brachial Neuritis: This type affects the nerves in the shoulder and arm, leading to weakness, pain, and sometimes paralysis. It is believed to be triggered by viral infections.

Signs and Symptoms

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of neuritis can vary depending on the type and affected nerves. Common indicators include:

  1. Tingling or numbness: Patients may experience a sensation of pins and needles or loss of sensation in the affected area.
  2. Muscle weakness: Weakened muscles and difficulty moving certain body parts may occur.
  3. Pain: Neuritis often presents with sharp, shooting pains or a constant dull ache.
  4. Coordination problems: Some individuals may experience difficulty with coordination and balance.
  5. Vision problems: In the case of optic neuritis, visual disturbances and pain in the eyes may be present.

Causes

Causes of Neuritis

Several factors can contribute to the development of neuritis:

  1. Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to nerve damage over time.
  2. Infections: Viral or bacterial infections, such as shingles or Lyme disease, can cause neuritis.
  3. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus may lead to inflammation of nerves.
  4. Toxins: Exposure to certain chemicals or medications can damage nerves.
  5. Trauma: Injuries, accidents, or repetitive stress can contribute to neuritis.

Prevention

Prevention of Neuritis

While not all cases of neuritis can be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk:

  1. Manage underlying conditions: Proper management of diabetes and other health conditions is crucial.
  2. Protect against infections: Vaccinations and proper hygiene practices can help prevent infections.
  3. Avoid toxins: Limit exposure to harmful chemicals and medications.
  4. Exercise regularly: Physical activity promotes overall health and may reduce the risk of nerve damage.
  5. Maintain a balanced diet: Proper nutrition supports nerve health.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing neuritis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes specialized tests such as nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Blood tests, imaging studies, and lumbar punctures may also be used to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment

Treatment of Neuritis

Treatment for neuritis focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms:

  1. Medications: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and medications to control underlying conditions may be prescribed.
  2. Physical therapy: Exercises to improve strength and coordination can be beneficial.
  3. Occupational therapy: This helps individuals manage daily activities despite limitations.
  4. Supportive measures: Proper foot care, orthopedic devices, and lifestyle modifications can enhance quality of life.

Home Remedies

Home Remedies

While medical intervention is essential, some home remedies may help alleviate symptoms:

  1. Warm compress: Applying a warm compress may ease pain and discomfort.
  2. Regular exercise: Gentle exercises can improve circulation and reduce symptoms.
  3. Healthy diet: A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports nerve health.
  4. Adequate rest: Getting enough sleep is crucial for overall well-being and can aid in symptom management.

Conclusion

Neuritis is a complex condition with various types and causes, but early detection and comprehensive management can significantly improve outcomes. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and seeking medical attention when symptoms arise are crucial steps in preventing and treating neuritis. If you suspect you may have neuritis, consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

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You May Also Know Related to Gamma Knife
FAQ’s

Gamma Knife uses 192–201 precisely focused beams of gamma rays that converge at a single target point in the brain. This high dose of radiation damages the DNA of abnormal cells, stopping their growth or causing them to shrink, while minimizing exposure to nearby healthy tissue.

No, Gamma Knife is not a traditional surgery. It is a non-invasive outpatient procedure performed without any incision, stitches, or general anesthesia in most cases.

Gamma Knife is commonly used for:

Brain tumors (benign and malignant)
Metastatic brain lesions
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
Trigeminal neuralgia
Acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas)
Pituitary tumors
Certain functional disorders (like tremors)

The procedure is generally painless. Patients may feel mild pressure while the head frame (if used) is applied or may experience slight discomfort from anesthesia injections, but the treatment itself is not painful.

Depending on the condition and treatment plan, Gamma Knife may take 30 minutes to 3 hours. Most patients go home the same day.

Common side effects are usually mild and temporary, including:

Headache
Nausea
Fatigue
Mild scalp swelling or tenderness at the frame site
Rarely, some patients may experience delayed radiation effects such as brain swelling or radiation necrosis.

Most patients can return to their normal routine within 24–48 hours after the procedure.
You may feel mild fatigue for a few days.
Follow-up imaging is usually required after 1 year.

Gamma Knife has a high success rate and has been used worldwide for decades. Its effectiveness depends on the condition treated, size and location of the lesion, and overall patient health. In many cases, it offers results comparable to open surgery with fewer risks.

Yes, in some cases Gamma Knife treatment can be repeated if the disease recurs or if new lesions develop.

Yes. Gamma Knife is considered one of the safest and most precise forms of radiosurgery, with millions of patients treated globally and extensive clinical data supporting its use.

Eligibility depends on factors such as:

Size and location of the lesion
Overall health and age
Whether open surgery is too risky
A neurosurgeon and radiation oncologist will decide if Gamma Knife is the best option for you.

A detailed MRI or CT scan is performed to map the brain.
A lightweight head frame or mask is used for accuracy.
Your doctors plan the radiation dose and target areas using specialized software.

Local anesthesia is given if a head frame is used.
General anesthesia is usually not required, except for children or patients unable to remain still.

Costs vary depending on hospital, city, and condition treated. On average, Gamma Knife in India ranges from ₹1.5 lakh to ₹4.5 lakh. It is usually more affordable compared to treatment in Western countries. At AIIMS Delhi, it is much more affordable around ₹75,000 which makes it affordable for the patients in need.

AIIMS Delhi is one of the leading centres for Gamma Knife in India.

AIIMS uses the latest Gamma Knife Perfexion system.

It has successfully treated thousands of patients for brain tumors, blood vessel problems, and even eye cancers.

The treatment is done by expert neurosurgeons such as Dr. Deepak Agrawal and team.

Clinic timings for Gamma Knife OPD at AIIMS Delhi: Monday & Friday, 8:00 AM – 9:00 AM.

Cost is around ₹75,000 and is subsidized compared to private hospitals.

The whole procedure is usually done in one day:

  • Consultation & Planning – Doctors review your scans and decide the treatment.
  • Head Frame/Mask – A lightweight frame or mask is placed to keep your head still.
  • Imaging – MRI/CT scans are done to locate the exact target.
  • Treatment Planning – Specialists plan the dose and direction of radiation.
  • Gamma Knife Treatment – You lie on the machine; painless radiation beams treat the target (30 mins–3 hrs).
  • Recovery & Discharge – The frame is removed, and most patients go home the same day.
  • Follow-up – MRI after a few months to check results.

Before you get a treatment date, you need to complete a few steps:

  • OPD Registration – Visit the Neurosurgery OPD (Gamma Knife clinic at AIIMS, Mon & Fri 8–9 AM) and register.
  • Consultation with Doctor – Meet the neurosurgeon who will check your reports, MRI/CT scans, and medical history.
  • Investigations – Sometimes fresh MRI/CT or blood tests are needed for treatment planning.
  • Medical Fitness – Basic checks like blood pressure, sugar, heart condition, etc.

Financial/Insurance Approval –

  1. If using Ayushman Bharat or government schemes, you need approval papers.
  2. If self-paying, you will be given the estimated cost (~₹75,000 at AIIMS).
  • Consent & Admission Slip – Once doctors confirm you are fit and formalities are done, you sign the consent form.
  • Treatment Date Allotment – A date is given for your Gamma Knife procedure.

Once you receive your Gamma Knife date, you’ll need to do a few simple things before the procedure:

  • Admission Process – Report to AIIMS on the morning of your procedure and complete admission at the Neurosurgery ward/Daycare.
  • Paperwork – Carry your OPD slip, MRI/CT films, blood test reports, admission slip, and ID proof. If you are covered under Ayushman Bharat/insurance, keep those approval papers ready.
  • Consent Forms – You (or a family member) will sign consent for the procedure and anesthesia.
  • Medical Check-up – Doctors will check your BP, sugar, heart rate, and do a quick physical exam.
  • Fasting – Usually, you will be asked to not eat or drink for 6 hours before the procedure.
  • Pre-Procedure Prep – An IV line may be put, and medicines (sedation/antibiotics if needed) are given.
  • Treatment – You are then taken to the Gamma Knife room for frame/mask placement, imaging, and treatment.

After the procedure, you’ll be observed for a few hours and most patients are discharged the same day or next morning.

Urea & creatinine

No, You can have light breakfast.

Yes, you can take the medicine and then come for the treatment.

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